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Alfred William Parsons RA (2 December 1847 – 16 January 1920) was an English artist: illustrator, landscape painter and garden designer.〔(Biography ) (gardenofpraise.com). 〕〔(Orange Lillies ) (Royal Academy of Arts Collections).〕〔(Parsons' biography ) (British Library).〕 Alfred Parsons was well known for his English landscape paintings and fine botanical illustrations which brought him into contact with William Robinson, for whom he provided illustrations. He regularly exhibited his art work from 1868 to 1919. He also artistically designed significant gardens mostly in England and some in Scotland and the United States. Parsons and his contemporaries believed that an artist could design better gardens. He won the Chantrey Bequest in 1887 and the published his book ''Notes From Japan'' in 1896. Parsons became President of the Society of Painters in Watercolours in 1905, and among many other works, he illustrated Ellen Willmott's ''The Genus Rosa''. He was a keen gardener and for the last six years of his life took care of his roses at Luggershill, Broadway, Worcestershire, England. ==Life and Works== Alfred Parsons was born in Laverton, near Frome, Somerset, the son of Dr Joshua Parsons, a surgeon and dedicated gardener of alpines and correspondent of William Robinson,〔Marion Mako, "Painting with nature in Broadway, Worcestershire", ''Journal of the Garden History Society'' 34.1 (Summer 2006:47-63), p. 47, 49..〕 and raised in London. After being educated privately, he started work as a clerk in the Post Office in 1867. After two years, he left the unsuitable desk-job to pursue studies at the Kensington School of Art, and went on to exhibit at various galleries including the Grosvenor Gallery and the Royal Academy, where he exhibited every year from 1874 to the end of his life.〔Mako 2006:48.〕 Parsons, whose interest in "Englishness"〔Mako 2006: "The Cult of Englishness" pp48ff.〕 paralleled the tastes of upper-class American émigrés, joined the notable artistic community in the village of Broadway in the Cotswolds (Worcestershire).〔(Broadway ) (Worcestershire); Marion Mako, "Painting with nature in Broadway, Worcestershire", ''Journal of the Garden History Society'' 34.1 (Summer 2006:47-63), examines painterly effects in some gardens designed by Parsons for friends in the Broadway circle.〕 His associates included the American artists Francis Davis Millet, who remained Parson's closest friend until he drowned aboard the ''Titanic'', and Edwin Austin Abbey, with whom he collaborated in illustrated books. Through American contacts made while at the artists' colony he became an illustrator for ''Harper's Magazine'',〔(''Harper's Magazine'' )〕 and also provided illustrations for books – including short stories by Thomas Hardy〔(Illustrated Thomas Hardy ) (Victorian Web).〕 and travel books (see below). Henry James noted that Parson's images of English country life mirrored the aspirations of Americans: Was it there〔In America.〕 that Mr. Parsons learned so well how Americans would like England to appear? ...The England of his pencil... is exactly the England that the American imagination, restricted to itself, constructs from the poets, the novelists, from all the delightful testimony it inherits".〔James, "Our artists in Europe", ''Harper's Magazine'', 79 (June 1889), quoted in Mako 2006:49.〕 The three men, Parsons, Millet and Abbey, lived together and entertained sociably at 54, Bedford Gardens, London.〔Parsons gave it up in 1914 (Mako 2006:59).〕 William Robinson asked him to provide illustrations for ''The Wild Garden: Or, Our Groves and Shrubberies Made Beautiful by the Naturalisation of Hardy Exotic Plants'' (1881, the 1903-5th edition being the best one) led to Robinson's invitation for Parsons to lend advice at his Gravetye Manor. Several artists engraved Parsons' illustrations. As it was the custom, he never engraved himself. Parsons' first garden commission, however, came through the architect Philip Webb, who was designing Clouds in Wiltshire for Mr and Mrs Percy Wyndham, prominent figures among the aesthetic-minded group called "The Souls": Parsons provided an unostentatious planting of spring bulbs, ''Magnolia × soulangeana'', roses and lilies, in a framework of clipped yews, wedding new and old elements.〔Mako 2006:52.〕 Parsons' long-lasting association with the Anglo-American group centred in Broadway, began in 1885, when Parsons and his London friends rented a house facing the Green, where John Singer Sargent began painting ''Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose''. Parsons first made a garden for himself and his friends at Russell House facing the Evesham road at the western entrance to Broadway, then a garden setting for Mary Anderson, Mrs Antonio de Navarro at Court Farm (1896 onwards) and later for himself, at Luggershill (1903 onwards). Parsons' fine illustrated book, his only published text, ''Notes in Japan'' (London, 1895, reprinted) came from his visit to that country between 1892 to 1894. Ellen Willmott's ''The Genus Rosa'', published in two volumes between 1910 and 1914, includes 132 watercolours of roses painted by Parsons between 1890 and 1908, which are now held by the Lindley Library in London. Willmott also commissioned Parsons to paint her three gardens. As a designer of gardens, Parsons went into partnership in 1898 with Captain Walter Croker St-Ives Partridge (1855—1924), as Parsons and Partridge of Newbury, Berkshire. In 1884 they took into the partnership Charles Clement Tudway (1846—1926).〔Nicole Milette, ''Parsons, Partridge, Tudway: an unsuspected garden design partnership, 1884-1914'' (York : Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York) 1995.〕 Parson's restorations of old gardens and designs of sympathetic settings for old houses can be appreciated at 15th-century Great Chalfield Manor and at Elizabethan Littlecote House, both in Wiltshire. Alfred Parsons and Walter Partridge also worked on the gardens at Welbeck Abbey, 1899—1905 and at Bryngarw, Glamorganshire.〔(CADW/ICOMOS Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales: Brygarw )〕 An early essay was Wightwick Manor, a reproduction black-and-white house, for which Parsons provided the garden in 1887. He was elected Associate Member of the Royal Academy (ARA) in 1897 and Royal Academician (RA) in 1911.〔(Royal Academy of Arts Collections; Alfred Parsons, R.A. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alfred Parsons (artist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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